Albert Bierstadt enjoyed enormous popular success during his lifetime and is best known for his grandiose, panoramic views of the American West. His small preparatory oil sketches, however—such as Pioneers of the Woods, California—reveal a vivacity and directness not always found in the larger works. This study was made during Bierstadt’s second journey West, when he passed through a region of the Yosemite Valley noted for its giant oak trees.